The increase in urban land and reduction in rangeland in Sunland Park have led to higher daytime temperatures, particularly in barren and sparsely vegetated areas. This intensification of the UHI effect can exacerbate heat-related health risks, increase energy consumption for cooling, and contribute to environmental degradation. The study underscores the importance of vegetation in mitigating these effects, as areas with higher NDVI values experienced lower temperatures due to shading and evapotranspiration. Without sustainable land management practices, the region may face worsening thermal conditions, impacting both human health and local ecosystems.